Hyperthyroidism is a group of disease that affects the thyroid glands. It is butterfly-shaped, small gland in front of your neck that produces thyroid hormones. These hormones control your body energy consumption so they affect every organ of your body, even the heart.
Sometimes, thyroids creates too much or too less hormones. When too much of these hormones are produced it is known as hyperthyroidism and it may cause many body’s function to speed up& when too little of these hormones are created it is known as hypothyroidism and it may cause many body’s function to slow down. How does hyperthyroidism in pregnancy effects on baby? Some symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism often seem normal during pregnancy but it’s not. Signs that can suggest hyperthyroidism are shaky hands, unexplained weight gain or loss and irregular heartbeats. The affect of maternal hyperthyroidism on baby can cause medical problems for the new-born, if not treated well. Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism has a lot of effects on the mother as well as the baby. It can cause preterm birth by 37th week in some cases. It can lead to low body weight for the infant. Studies has proven an increase in heart beat and blood pressure of the child. A life-threatening hyperthyroidism may complicate health can lead to dehydration, rapid heart rate and death, if not treated. It is best to plan a pregnancy under the consultation of your physician so that you and your baby can be monitored throughout the pregnancy. Neonatal graves diseases might happen to one percent of the born infants because of the history of the mother. Such cases require intensive care and hospitalization. In severe form of hyperthyroidism amongst the infants, sometimes it can be fatal. Therefore, it is very important to let your physician know about your history of hyperthyroidism to ensure good health for you and your baby. Causes Of Hyperthyroidism During Pregnancy Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is generally an effect on the Graves disease. It may happen to every 3 woman in a thousand of pregnancies, as per the studies. Graves disease is a form of autoimmune disorder. The immune systems starts creating antibodies that causes the thyroid gland to create more thyroid hormones. This anti-body created by the immune system is called TSI or thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin. Graves disease can appear during the pregnancy, if you already have it then the symptoms might get better during the second and third trimesters. This is because, in later stage of the pregnancy the immune system gets a little less active, hence, the TSI level decreases. But, when the baby is born, once again the TSI level rises and its gets worse again for the mother and the child. There are many causes of thyroid disease in pregnancy such as – hCG mediated, hyperemesis gravidarum, gestational trophoblastic disease, etc. are to name a few of them. But,most common cause is the Graves’ disease so if you have a history of Grave disease then your physician will conduct thyroid tests on monthly basis throughout the pregnancy. Proper treatment to maintain a healthy thyroid hormone level and to protect the health of the mother and the baby must be provided. Treatment Of Hyperthyroidism During Pregnancy The most preferred treatment for maternal hyperthyroidism is antithyroid medication. This medication help in lowering down the production of thyroid hormones. Temporary hyperthyroidism during the gestational period doesn’t require this treatment, generally. Woman with graves disease history or thyroid nodules during pregnancy should start this treatment after consulting the physician. The doctor will decide the doses as per the requirement. Hyperthyroidism in some cases might get better during the second and third trimester of pregnancy but gets very difficult during the first four months after the delivery. Hence, your physician needs to prescribe the doses according to the requirement before, during and after the pregnancy. In some complicated cases, woman might be asked to go through a surgery to remove thyroid part. The best time during the period for a surgery is during the second trimester – i.e. four to six months. Woman who are excepting pregnancy must not receive any radioactive iodine treatment as it can destroy their thyroid gland as well as can harm the unborn child. So, if you are facing hyperthyroidism then it is best to constantly work with your physician along with your endocrinologist to receive the best medical advise and help before, during and after pregnancy. You must consult your doctor before planning a pregnancy with hyperthyroidism condition. Read more: Effects of Thyroid in Pregnancy
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